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Catholic Church and abortion
The Catholic Church opposes all forms of abortion procedures whose direct purpose is to destroy an embryo, blastocyst, zygote or foetus, since it holds that "human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception. From the first moment of his existence, a human being must be recognized as having the rights of a person - among which is the inviolable right of every innocent being to life."〔(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2270 )〕 However, it does recognize as morally legitimate certain acts which indirectly result in the death of the fetus, as when the direct purpose is removal of a cancerous womb. Canon 1398 of the Code of Canon Law imposes automatic excommunication on Latin Rite Catholics who procure a completed abortion,〔(Code of Canon Law, canon 1398 )〕 if they fulfil the conditions for being subject to such a sanction.〔(Code of Canon Law, canons 1321-1329 )〕 Eastern Catholics are not subject to automatic excommunication, but they are to be excommunicated by decree if found guilty of the same action,〔(Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 1450 §2 )〕 and they may be absolved of the sin only by the eparchial bishop.〔(Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 728 §2 )〕 In addition to saying that abortion is immoral, the Catholic Church also makes statements and takes actions in opposition to its legality.
Many, or in some countries most, Catholics disagree with the official position of the Catholic Church, which opposes abortion and its legality; with views ranging from allowing exceptions in a generally pro-life position to acceptance of complete legality of abortion〔〔〔〔〔 and the morality〔 of abortion. There is a distinction between Catholics who attend church more and less often on the issue; the former are far more likely to be pro-life, while the latter are more likely to be pro-choice.〔〔〔〔
==Church doctrine==
According to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' "Pro-Life Activities" website, the Catholic Church has condemned procured abortion as immoral since the 1st century.〔(Respect for Unborn Human Life: the Church's Constant Teaching )〕 Some early Christian doctrinal documents rejecting abortion are the ''Didache'' and the ''Letter of Barnabas'' and the works of 2nd-century writers Tertullian and Athenagoras of Athens.〔(Frank K. Flinn, J. Gordon Melton, ''Encyclopedia of Catholicism'' (Facts on File Encyclopedia of World Religions 2007 ISBN 978-0-8160-5455-8), p. 4 )〕 In the 5th century, St. Augustine "vigorously condemned the practice of induced abortion" as a crime, in any stage of pregnancy, although he accepted the distinction between "formed" and "unformed" fetuses mentioned in the Septuagint translation of , a text that, he observed, did not classify as murder the abortion of an "unformed" fetus, since it could not be said with certainty that it had already received a soul (see, e.g., ''De Origine Animae'' 4.4).
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